Ievads
Sapņi par izraidījumu skar dziļu stīgu kristīgajā iztēlē. Neatkarīgi no tā, vai sapnī tiek attēlots izraidīšana no mājām, klaiņošana svešās zemēs vai dzīvošana svešinieku vidū, šis tēls rezonē ar Bībeles ilgstošo iesaisti jautājumos par pārvietošanos, piligrimāžu un Dieva apredzību. Kristiešiem jāņem vērā, ka Bībele nav sapņu vārdnīca, kas piešķir fiksētas nozīmes tēliem. Drīzāk Svētie Raksti piedāvā simboliskas shēmas — stāstus, metaforas un teoloģiskas kategorijas — kas palīdz ticīgajiem pārdomāt, ko šādi sapņi varētu nozīmēt ticībai, sirdsapziņai un mācekļības ceļam.
Svēto Rakstu bibliskā simbolika
Izraidījums ir atkārtots teoloģisks motīvs Bībelē. Tas parādās kā vēsturiska realitāte Israēla dzīvē, kā metafora cilvēka atsvešināšanai no Dieva un kā pestīšanas konteksts, kurā Dieva mērķi tiek īstenoti. Izraidījums var nozīmēt tiesu, bet arī attīrīšanu, veidošanu un galu galā cerību. Patriarhālais aicinājums atstāt savu zemi, ilgie gūstekņu vaidi un Jaunās Derības attēlojums par ticīgajiem kā ceļiniekiem visi veicina bagātu simbolisko lauku sapņu par izraidīšanu interpretācijai.
Now the Lord had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father’s house, unto a land that I will shew thee:
1By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion. 2We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. 3For there they that carried us away captive required of us a song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. 4How shall we sing the Lord’s song in a strange land? 5If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. 6If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth; if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy.
13Tie visi nomira ticībā, apsolīto nesaņēmuši; bet no tālienes tie Viņu redzēja un sveica, apliecinādami, ka viņi virs zemes ir ceļotāji un viesi. 14Tā runājot, tie aizrādīja, ka viņi meklē tēviju. 15Bet ja viņi būtu domājuši par to, no kurienes bija izgājuši, tad viņiem vēl bija laiks atgriezties. 16Bet tagad tie tiecas pēc labākas, tas ir, debesu. Tāpēc arī Dievs nekautrējas saukties par viņu Dievu, jo Viņš tiem sagatavoja pilsētu.
Vismīļie, es pamācu jūs kā atnācējus un ceļiniekus atturēties no miesas kārībām, kas karo pret dvēseli.
Šie teksti atklāj izraidījuma motīva dažādās dimensijas: aicinājumu pamest ierasto ar ticību (Genesis 12), piespiedu pārvietojuma un žēlošanās sāpes (Psalm 137), un teoloģisko pārorientāciju, kas pārvērš izraidījumu par piligrimāžu uz mūžīgo dzimteni (Hebrews 11). Jaunajā Derībā ticīgā dzīve bieži tiek aprakstīta kā pagaidu uzturēšanās, kas dod izraidījumam gan tagadēju spriedzi, gan eshatoloģisku apsolījumu (1 Peter 2).
Sapņi bibliskajā tradīcijā
Bībele izturas pret sapņiem dažādi. Reizēm sapņi darbojas kā dievišķas komunikācijas līdzekļi — piemēram, kad Dievs tos izmanto, lai dotu norādījumus vai brīdinājumu; citkārt tie parādās kā parastas cilvēka pieredzes, kuras prasa izšķiršanu. Kristīgā teoloģija vēsturiski ir apstiprinājusi, ka Dievs var un reizēm sastop cilvēkus caur sapņiem, taču tā uzsver rūpīgu pārbaudi, paklausību Svētajiem Rakstiem un ticības kopienas vadību pirms jebkura apgalvotā vēstījuma pieņemšanas.
5And Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it his brethren: and they hated him yet the more. 6And he said unto them, Hear, I pray you, this dream which I have dreamed: 7For, behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and, lo, my sheaf arose, and also stood upright; and, behold, your sheaves stood round about, and made obeisance to my sheaf. 8And his brethren said to him, Shalt thou indeed reign over us? or shalt thou indeed have dominion over us? And they hated him yet the more for his dreams, and for his words. 9And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me. 10And he told it to his father, and to his brethren: and his father rebuked him, and said unto him, What is this dream that thou hast dreamed? Shall I and thy mother and thy brethren indeed come to bow down ourselves to thee to the earth? 11And his brethren envied him; but his father observed the saying.
1And in the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar dreamed dreams, wherewith his spirit was troubled, and his sleep brake from him. 2Then the king commanded to call the magicians, and the astrologers, and the sorcerers, and the Chaldeans, for to shew the king his dreams. So they came and stood before the king. 3And the king said unto them, I have dreamed a dream, and my spirit was troubled to know the dream. 4Then spake the Chaldeans to the king in Syriack, O king, live for ever: tell thy servants the dream, and we will shew the interpretation. 5The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, The thing is gone from me: if ye will not make known unto me the dream, with the interpretation thereof, ye shall be cut in pieces, and your houses shall be made a dunghill. 6But if ye shew the dream, and the interpretation thereof, ye shall receive of me gifts and rewards and great honour: therefore shew me the dream, and the interpretation thereof. 7They answered again and said, Let the king tell his servants the dream, and we will shew the interpretation of it. 8The king answered and said, I know of certainty that ye would gain the time, because ye see the thing is gone from me. 9But if ye will not make known unto me the dream, there is but one decree for you: for ye have prepared lying and corrupt words to speak before me, till the time be changed: therefore tell me the dream, and I shall know that ye can shew me the interpretation thereof. 10The Chaldeans answered before the king, and said, There is not a man upon the earth that can shew the king’s matter: therefore there is no king, lord, nor ruler, that asked such things at any magician, or astrologer, or Chaldean. 11And it is a rare thing that the king requireth, and there is none other that can shew it before the king, except the gods, whose dwelling is not with flesh. 12For this cause the king was angry and very furious, and commanded to destroy all the wise men of Babylon. 13And the decree went forth that the wise men should be slain; and they sought Daniel and his fellows to be slain. 14Then Daniel answered with counsel and wisdom to Arioch the captain of the king’s guard, which was gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon: 15He answered and said to Arioch the king’s captain, Why is the decree so hasty from the king? Then Arioch made the thing known to Daniel. 16Then Daniel went in, and desired of the king that he would give him time, and that he would shew the king the interpretation. 17Then Daniel went to his house, and made the thing known to Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, his companions: 18That they would desire mercies of the God of heaven concerning this secret; that Daniel and his fellows should not perish with the rest of the wise men of Babylon. 19Then was the secret revealed unto Daniel in a night vision. Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven. 20Daniel answered and said, Blessed be the name of God for ever and ever: for wisdom and might are his: 21And he changeth the times and the seasons: he removeth kings, and setteth up kings: he giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding: 22He revealeth the deep and secret things: he knoweth what is in the darkness, and the light dwelleth with him. 23I thank thee, and praise thee, O thou God of my fathers, who hast given me wisdom and might, and hast made known unto me now what we desired of thee: for thou hast now made known unto us the king’s matter. 24Therefore Daniel went in unto Arioch, whom the king had ordained to destroy the wise men of Babylon: he went and said thus unto him; Destroy not the wise men of Babylon: bring me in before the king, and I will shew unto the king the interpretation. 25Then Arioch brought in Daniel before the king in haste, and said thus unto him, I have found a man of the captives of Judah, that will make known unto the king the interpretation. 26The king answered and said to Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, Art thou able to make known unto me the dream which I have seen, and the interpretation thereof? 27Daniel answered in the presence of the king, and said, The secret which the king hath demanded cannot the wise men, the astrologers, the magicians, the soothsayers, shew unto the king; 28But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these; 29As for thee, O king, thy thoughts came into thy mind upon thy bed, what should come to pass hereafter: and he that revealeth secrets maketh known to thee what shall come to pass. 30But as for me, this secret is not revealed to me for any wisdom that I have more than any living, but for their sakes that shall make known the interpretation to the king, and that thou mightest know the thoughts of thy heart. 31Thou, O king, sawest, and behold a great image. This great image, whose brightness was excellent, stood before thee; and the form thereof was terrible. 32This image’s head was of fine gold, his breast and his arms of silver, his belly and his thighs of brass, 33His legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of clay. 34Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands, which smote the image upon his feet that were of iron and clay, and brake them to pieces. 35Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried them away, that no place was found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth. 36This is the dream; and we will tell the interpretation thereof before the king. 37Thou, O king, art a king of kings: for the God of heaven hath given thee a kingdom, power, and strength, and glory. 38And wheresoever the children of men dwell, the beasts of the field and the fowls of the heaven hath he given into thine hand, and hath made thee ruler over them all. Thou art this head of gold. 39And after thee shall arise another kingdom inferior to thee, and another third kingdom of brass, which shall bear rule over all the earth. 40And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things: and as iron that breaketh all these, shall it break in pieces and bruise. 41And whereas thou sawest the feet and toes, part of potters’ clay, and part of iron, the kingdom shall be divided; but there shall be in it of the strength of the iron, forasmuch as thou sawest the iron mixed with miry clay. 42And as the toes of the feet were part of iron, and part of clay, so the kingdom shall be partly strong, and partly broken. 43And whereas thou sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves with the seed of men: but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron is not mixed with clay. 44And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever. 45Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter: and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure. 46Then the king Nebuchadnezzar fell upon his face, and worshipped Daniel, and commanded that they should offer an oblation and sweet odours unto him. 47The king answered unto Daniel, and said, Of a truth it is, that your God is a God of gods, and a Lord of kings, and a revealer of secrets, seeing thou couldest reveal this secret. 48Then the king made Daniel a great man, and gave him many great gifts, and made him ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and chief of the governors over all the wise men of Babylon. 49Then Daniel requested of the king, and he set Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed–nego, over the affairs of the province of Babylon: but Daniel sat in the gate of the king.
Bet kamēr viņš par to domāja, lūk, Kunga eņģelis parādījās viņam sapnī, sacīdams: Jāzep, Dāvida dēls, nebīsties pieņemt savu sievu Mariju, jo kas viņā iedzimis, ir no Svētā Gara.
Šie teksti ilustrē, ka sapņi Svētajos Rakstos ir kontekstā iegremdēti — saistīti ar Dieva atklāsmi, apredzību vai sapņotāja morālo attīstību. Tie nepiedāvā vienkāršu viens pret vienu kodu simbolu interpretācijai. Drīzāk baznīca lasa sapņus, salīdzinot ar Dieva pilno atklāsmi, nodrošinot, ka interpretācijas saskan ar Svētajiem Rakstiem un Kristum centrētu doktrīnu.
Iespējamās bibliskās interpretācijas par sapni
Zemāk ir vairākas teoloģiskas iespējas, kā kristieši varētu saprast sapņus par izraidījumu. Katru no tām sniedz kā pastorālu interpretāciju, nevis kā paredzējumu.
1. Izraidījums kā garīga atsvešināšanās
Viens izplatīts biblisks izraidījuma nozīmējums ir atsvešināšanās no Dieva. Tēls par izraidīšanu vai klaiņošanu var atspoguļot sajūtu par attālināšanos no Dieva, grēka atzīšanu vai to, ka cilvēka garīgā dzīve nav nostabilizējusies. Šādas izpratnes piemērošana sapnim aicina uz atzīšanos, nožēlu un pastiprinātu uzmanību žēlastības līdzekļiem, ne pieņemot, ka pats sapnis sniedz slepenu laika grafiku.
1By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion. 2We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. 3For there they that carried us away captive required of us a song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. 4How shall we sing the Lord’s song in a strange land? 5If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. 6If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth; if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy.
13Tie visi nomira ticībā, apsolīto nesaņēmuši; bet no tālienes tie Viņu redzēja un sveica, apliecinādami, ka viņi virs zemes ir ceļotāji un viesi. 14Tā runājot, tie aizrādīja, ka viņi meklē tēviju. 15Bet ja viņi būtu domājuši par to, no kurienes bija izgājuši, tad viņiem vēl bija laiks atgriezties. 16Bet tagad tie tiecas pēc labākas, tas ir, debesu. Tāpēc arī Dievs nekautrējas saukties par viņu Dievu, jo Viņš tiem sagatavoja pilsētu.
2. Izraidījums kā ciešanas, kas veido uzticību
Bībele bieži attēlo izraidījumu kā disciplīnas vai veidojošu posmu, caur kuru Dievs attīra raksturu un īsteno savus mērķus. Daudzu bībeles personu stāsti rāda, ka pārvietojums var iepriekšējo Providences kalpošanu vai dziļāku atkarību no Dieva. Ja sapnis izraisa asociācijas ar izraidījumu kā pārbaudījumu, tas var aicināt uz pārdomām par izturību, integritāti un uzticēšanos grūtību laikā.
5And Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it his brethren: and they hated him yet the more. 6And he said unto them, Hear, I pray you, this dream which I have dreamed: 7For, behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and, lo, my sheaf arose, and also stood upright; and, behold, your sheaves stood round about, and made obeisance to my sheaf. 8And his brethren said to him, Shalt thou indeed reign over us? or shalt thou indeed have dominion over us? And they hated him yet the more for his dreams, and for his words. 9And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me. 10And he told it to his father, and to his brethren: and his father rebuked him, and said unto him, What is this dream that thou hast dreamed? Shall I and thy mother and thy brethren indeed come to bow down ourselves to thee to the earth? 11And his brethren envied him; but his father observed the saying.
But as for you, ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive.
3. Izraidījums kā aicinājums liecībai un kalpošanai pasaulē
Svētie Raksti dažkārt māca tiem, kas dzīvo izraidījumā, dzīvot uzticami tur, kur viņi atrodas, meklējot izraidījuma vietas labklājību un būdami liecinieki Dieva taisnībai un žēlsirdībai. Tādēļ sapņi par izraidījumu var tikt lasīti kā simboliski aicinājumi uz uzticamu klātbūtni, kalpošanu un liecību kontekstos, kas šķiet sveši vai naidīgi, nevis primāri par izsūtīšanu vai sodu.
4Thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, unto all that are carried away captives, whom I have caused to be carried away from Jerusalem unto Babylon; 5Build ye houses, and dwell in them; and plant gardens, and eat the fruit of them; 6Take ye wives, and beget sons and daughters; and take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands, that they may bear sons and daughters; that ye may be increased there, and not diminished. 7And seek the peace of the city whither I have caused you to be carried away captives, and pray unto the Lord for it: for in the peace thereof shall ye have peace.
Vismīļie, es pamācu jūs kā atnācējus un ceļiniekus atturēties no miesas kārībām, kas karo pret dvēseli.
4. Izraidījums kā atjaunošanas un Dieva klātbūtnes apsolījums
Lai arī izraidījums ir sāpīgs, Svētie Raksti ir pilni apsolījumu, ka Dievs neatstāj savu tautu un ka atjaunošana vai jauna mājvieta ir daļa no plašākās pestīšanas gaitas. Sapņi, kuros parādās izraidījums, simboliski var aicināt pieķerties Dieva klātbūtnei pārvietojuma vidū un uzticēties viņa solītajai atbrīvošanai — vienlaikus atceroties, ka interpretāciju jāvada pēc Svētajiem Rakstiem un cerības, nevis spekulācijām.
1The hand of the Lord was upon me, and carried me out in the spirit of the Lord, and set me down in the midst of the valley which was full of bones, 2And caused me to pass by them round about: and, behold, there were very many in the open valley; and, lo, they were very dry. 3And he said unto me, Son of man, can these bones live? And I answered, O Lord God, thou knowest. 4Again he said unto me, Prophesy upon these bones, and say unto them, O ye dry bones, hear the word of the Lord. 5Thus saith the Lord God unto these bones; Behold, I will cause breath to enter into you, and ye shall live: 6And I will lay sinews upon you, and will bring up flesh upon you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, and ye shall live; and ye shall know that I am the Lord. 7So I prophesied as I was commanded: and as I prophesied, there was a noise, and behold a shaking, and the bones came together, bone to his bone. 8And when I beheld, lo, the sinews and the flesh came up upon them, and the skin covered them above: but there was no breath in them. 9Then said he unto me, Prophesy unto the wind, prophesy, son of man, and say to the wind, Thus saith the Lord God; Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain, that they may live. 10So I prophesied as he commanded me, and the breath came into them, and they lived, and stood up upon their feet, an exceeding great army. 11Then he said unto me, Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel: behold, they say, Our bones are dried, and our hope is lost: we are cut off for our parts. 12Therefore prophesy and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God; Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel. 13And ye shall know that I am the Lord, when I have opened your graves, O my people, and brought you up out of your graves, 14And shall put my spirit in you, and ye shall live, and I shall place you in your own land: then shall ye know that I the Lord have spoken it, and performed it, saith the Lord.
1But now thus saith the Lord that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, O Israel, Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have called thee by thy name; thou art mine. 2When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee: when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee. 3For I am the Lord thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee.
Pastorāla pārdomāšana un izšķiršana
Kad kristieši piedzīvo satraucošus tēlus, piemēram, sapņus par izraidījumu, baznīca iedrošina vairākus konkrētus izšķiršanas soļus. Pirmkārt, nesiet sapni lūgšanā, lūdzot Dievam pazemību un gudrību, nevis noteiktību. Otrkārt, pārbaudiet jebkuru interpretāciju, salīdzinot to ar Svētajiem Rakstiem: patiesa atziņa nepretendēs pret Dieva Vārda skaidro mācību. Treškārt, meklējiet padomu ticības kopienā — mācītāji, garīgi nobrieduši kristieši un Svētie Raksti kopā palīdz izvairīties no steigainiem secinājumiem. Ceturtkārt, praktizējiet garīgās disciplīnas, kas nostiprina dvēseli: regulāra Svēto Rakstu lasīšana, lūgšana, piedalīšanās sakramentos un kalpošanas darbi.
Ja sapnis izraisa trauksmi, pastorāli palīdz atcerēties biblisko aicinājumu lūgt Dievam gudrību un mieru un nodot savas bailes Kunga aprūpē.
Ja kādam no jums trūkst gudrības, lai izlūdzas to no Dieva, kas visiem dod bagātīgi un bez pārmetumiem, un tā viņam tiks dota.
5Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. 6In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths.
Nelielu sekulāru novērojumu var atzīt atsevišķi: sapņi bieži atspoguļo nesenas pieredzes vai rūpes. Kristiešiem tas var būt lietderīgs kā aprakstoša piezīme, bet tas nedrīkst aizstāt teoloģisku pārdomu, kas sakņojas Svētajos Rakstos.
Secinājums
Sapņi par izraidījumu modina dziļas bibliskas tēmas: zaudējumu un žēlošanos, veidošanos caur pārbaudījumu, uzticīgu klātbūtni pārvietojuma laikā un cerību uz galīgo atjaunošanu. Bībele nenodrošina mehānisku sapņu interpretācijas rokasgrāmatu. Tā vietā tā dod teoloģisku vārdu krājumu un pastorālu metodi: interpretēt piesardzīgi, salīdzināt ar Svētajiem Rakstiem, meklēt baznīcas vadību un ļaut lūgšanai un uzticīgai paklausībai vadīt atbildi. Tādā veidā kristieši var uztvert šos sapņus kā iemeslu dziļākām pārdomām, nožēlai, ja nepieciešams, un atjaunotai uzticībai Dieva uzturošajai klātbūtnei.