Ievads
Sapņi par mākslas darbiem — gleznām, skulptūrām, mozaīkām vai par paša radīšanas aktu — dabiski uzrunā kristiešu iztēli. Māksla jau Svētajos Rakstos ir piesūcināta ar nozīmēm: tā runā par skaistumu, pielūgšanu, aicinājumu un Dieva tēlu. Tomēr Bībele nav sapņu vārdnīca, kas mums sniedz viennozīmīgas atslēgas privātām vīzijām. Tā vietā tā piedāvā simboliskas sistēmas un teoloģiskas tēmas, kas palīdz kopienām un atsevišķiem cilvēkiem izšķirt, ko sapnis varētu nozīmēt Dieva atklāsmes gaismā. Pieietot mākslas sapnim bibliski nozīmē klausīties tēmās, kuras Raksti uzsver: Radītājs un radījums, pielūgsme un elku pielūgšana, meistardarbs un aicinājums, kā arī nepieciešamība pēc rūpīgas izšķiršanas.
Bībeles simbolika Rakstos
Māksla un mākslinieciskās prasmes cauri Bībelei parādās tādā veidā, kas atklāj teoloģiskas prioritātes. Dievs kā Radītājs piešķir pasaulei formu, kārtību un skaistumu, un cilvēku radošums piedalās šajā radītājā aicinājumā. Prasmīgi amata meistari tiek iesaistīti svētā darba veikšanā pie patvēruma un tempļa, parādot, ka amatniecība var būt svēta kalpošana. Tajā pašā laikā tēli un elki Rakstos satur stingru brīdinājumu: attēli, kas novirza pielūgsmi prom no dzīvojošā Dieva, tiek nosodīti. Visbeidzot, Bībele bieži izmanto mākslinieciskas un amatnieciskas metaforas — podnieks un māls, meistardarbs — lai aprakstītu Dieva veidošanu cilvēku dzīvēs.
1In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 2And the earth was without form and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. 3And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. 4And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. 5And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day. 6And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. 7And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. 8And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day. 9And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. 10And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good. 11And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. 12And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 13And the evening and the morning were the third day. 14And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: 15And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. 16And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. 17And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 18And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good. 19And the evening and the morning were the fourth day. 20And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. 21And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 22And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth. 23And the evening and the morning were the fifth day. 24And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. 25And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 26And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. 27So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
1And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, 2See, I have called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah: 3And I have filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship, 4To devise cunning works, to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, 5And in cutting of stones, to set them, and in carving of timber, to work in all manner of workmanship.
4Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: 5Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; 6And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.
Jo mēs esam Viņa radība, Kristū Jēzū radīti labajiem darbiem, ko Dievs sagatavojis, lai mēs tanīs dzīvotu.
1The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying, 2Arise, and go down to the potter’s house, and there I will cause thee to hear my words. 3Then I went down to the potter’s house, and, behold, he wrought a work on the wheels. 4And the vessel that he made of clay was marred in the hand of the potter: so he made it again another vessel, as seemed good to the potter to make it. 5Then the word of the Lord came to me, saying, 6O house of Israel, cannot I do with you as this potter? saith the Lord. Behold, as the clay is in the potter’s hand, so are ye in mine hand, O house of Israel.
But now, O Lord, thou art our father; we are the clay, and thou our potter; and we all are the work of thy hand.
Šīs atsauces izceļ dažas konsekventas tēmas: Dieva suverēnā radītāja darbība, prasmīgu meistaru gods, kuriem uzticēti svēti uzdevumi, elku attēlu bīstamība, un teoloģiskais tēls par cilvēka veidošanos. Kad kristietis sapņo par mākslas darbu, šīs tēmas veido teoloģisko vārdnīcu interpretācijai, nevis mehānisku noteikumu grāmatu.
Sapņi Bībeles tradīcijā
Bībele fiksē daudzus sapņus — dažus, kas šķiet Dieva saziņas instrumenti, un citus, kas ir ambiciozi vai neskaidri. Bībeles piemēri rāda, ka sapņi var pildīt dažādas lomas: tie var paziņot, brīdināt, mācīt vai vienkārši būt daļa no cilvēka pieredzes. Kristīgā teoloģija tādēļ uztver sapņus nopietni, bet piesardzīgi: tos jātestē pret Rakstiem, jāinterpretē baznīcas dzīvē un jāuztver ar pazemību, nevis drošību.
5And Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it his brethren: and they hated him yet the more. 6And he said unto them, Hear, I pray you, this dream which I have dreamed: 7For, behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and, lo, my sheaf arose, and also stood upright; and, behold, your sheaves stood round about, and made obeisance to my sheaf. 8And his brethren said to him, Shalt thou indeed reign over us? or shalt thou indeed have dominion over us? And they hated him yet the more for his dreams, and for his words. 9And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me. 10And he told it to his father, and to his brethren: and his father rebuked him, and said unto him, What is this dream that thou hast dreamed? Shall I and thy mother and thy brethren indeed come to bow down ourselves to thee to the earth? 11And his brethren envied him; but his father observed the saying.
1And in the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar dreamed dreams, wherewith his spirit was troubled, and his sleep brake from him. 2Then the king commanded to call the magicians, and the astrologers, and the sorcerers, and the Chaldeans, for to shew the king his dreams. So they came and stood before the king. 3And the king said unto them, I have dreamed a dream, and my spirit was troubled to know the dream. 4Then spake the Chaldeans to the king in Syriack, O king, live for ever: tell thy servants the dream, and we will shew the interpretation. 5The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, The thing is gone from me: if ye will not make known unto me the dream, with the interpretation thereof, ye shall be cut in pieces, and your houses shall be made a dunghill. 6But if ye shew the dream, and the interpretation thereof, ye shall receive of me gifts and rewards and great honour: therefore shew me the dream, and the interpretation thereof. 7They answered again and said, Let the king tell his servants the dream, and we will shew the interpretation of it. 8The king answered and said, I know of certainty that ye would gain the time, because ye see the thing is gone from me. 9But if ye will not make known unto me the dream, there is but one decree for you: for ye have prepared lying and corrupt words to speak before me, till the time be changed: therefore tell me the dream, and I shall know that ye can shew me the interpretation thereof. 10The Chaldeans answered before the king, and said, There is not a man upon the earth that can shew the king’s matter: therefore there is no king, lord, nor ruler, that asked such things at any magician, or astrologer, or Chaldean. 11And it is a rare thing that the king requireth, and there is none other that can shew it before the king, except the gods, whose dwelling is not with flesh. 12For this cause the king was angry and very furious, and commanded to destroy all the wise men of Babylon. 13And the decree went forth that the wise men should be slain; and they sought Daniel and his fellows to be slain. 14Then Daniel answered with counsel and wisdom to Arioch the captain of the king’s guard, which was gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon: 15He answered and said to Arioch the king’s captain, Why is the decree so hasty from the king? Then Arioch made the thing known to Daniel. 16Then Daniel went in, and desired of the king that he would give him time, and that he would shew the king the interpretation. 17Then Daniel went to his house, and made the thing known to Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, his companions: 18That they would desire mercies of the God of heaven concerning this secret; that Daniel and his fellows should not perish with the rest of the wise men of Babylon. 19Then was the secret revealed unto Daniel in a night vision. Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven. 20Daniel answered and said, Blessed be the name of God for ever and ever: for wisdom and might are his: 21And he changeth the times and the seasons: he removeth kings, and setteth up kings: he giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding: 22He revealeth the deep and secret things: he knoweth what is in the darkness, and the light dwelleth with him. 23I thank thee, and praise thee, O thou God of my fathers, who hast given me wisdom and might, and hast made known unto me now what we desired of thee: for thou hast now made known unto us the king’s matter.
Bet kamēr viņš par to domāja, lūk, Kunga eņģelis parādījās viņam sapnī, sacīdams: Jāzep, Dāvida dēls, nebīsties pieņemt savu sievu Mariju, jo kas viņā iedzimis, ir no Svētā Gara.
Rakstos nav prakses pieņemt katru sapni kā tiešu atklāsmi. Pravietiskie vai atklāsmes sapņi Bībelē tiek pavadīti ar skaidrību, saskanību ar Dieva raksturu un bieži ar apliecinošu vārdu no Dieva tautas. Baznīca vēsturiski ir uzsvērusi izšķiršanu — lūgšanā testēšanu, pastorālo padomu un paklausību Rakstiem — pirms sapnim piešķirt teoloģisku svaru.
Iespējamās bibliskās sapņa interpretācijas
Zemāk ir daži teoloģiski iespējamie skaidrojumi, ko mākslas sapnis var simbolizēt. Tie tiek piedāvāti kā interpretatīvas iespējas, sakņotas bibliskā tēlainībā, nevis kā paredzējumi vai garantētas ziņas.
1) Aicinājums radošai kalpošanai un pārvaldībai
Viena vienkārša interpretācija ir tā, ka sapnis par radīšanu vai sastapšanos ar mākslu norāda uz Dieva dots radošuma apstiprinājumu. Raksti godā amatniekus, kuri izvēlēti kalpot svētos darbos, un māca, ka visi ticīgie ir radīti labiem darbiem. Ja sapnis ir par mākslas radīšanu, tas var liecināt par Dieva ielūgumu izmantot talantus kalpošanai un skaistuma bagātināšanai.
30And Moses said unto the children of Israel, See, the Lord hath called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah; 31And he hath filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship; 32And to devise curious works, to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, 33And in the cutting of stones, to set them, and in carving of wood, to make any manner of cunning work. 34And he hath put in his heart that he may teach, both he, and Aholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. 35Them hath he filled with wisdom of heart, to work all manner of work, of the engraver, and of the cunning workman, and of the embroiderer, in blue, and in purple, in scarlet, and in fine linen, and of the weaver, even of them that do any work, and of those that devise cunning work.
Jo mēs esam Viņa radība, Kristū Jēzū radīti labajiem darbiem, ko Dievs sagatavojis, lai mēs tanīs dzīvotu.
2) Radītāja un radījuma attiecību atspoguļojums
Māksla sapnī var simbolizēt Dieva radošo darbību un mūsu līdzdalību Dieva tēlā radītā. Sapņi, kas uzsver veidošanu, projektēšanu vai kārtošanu, var atbalsot teoloģisko patiesību, ka Dievs veido un sakārto radību, un ka cilvēka darbs piedalās šajā sakārtošanā. Šādi sapņi var aicināt pie pateicības un jaunas uzmanības pievēršanas Dievam kā Māksliniekam un uzturētājam.
1In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 2And the earth was without form and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. 3And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. 4And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. 5And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day. 6And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. 7And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. 8And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day. 9And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. 10And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good. 11And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. 12And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 13And the evening and the morning were the third day. 14And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: 15And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. 16And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. 17And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 18And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good. 19And the evening and the morning were the fourth day. 20And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. 21And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 22And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth. 23And the evening and the morning were the fifth day. 24And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. 25And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 26And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. 27So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
But now, O Lord, thou art our father; we are the clay, and thou our potter; and we all are the work of thy hand.
3) Pamudinājums pārdomāt pielūgsmi un elku pielūgšanu
Tāpēc, ka Raksti aizliedz tēlus, kas kļūst par pielūgsmes objektiem, māksla sapņos var kalpot arī par teoloģisku brīdinājumu: vai mēs nemīlam radīto skaistumu Dieva vietā? Sapņi, kuros parādās vilinoši attēli, kas prasa uzmanību vai paklausību, var aicināt pašpārbaudi par prioritātēm un iespējamiem elku pielūgšanas modeļiem — nevis deterministisku lasījumu, bet pastorālu pamudinājumu nožēlot un atkal saskaņoties.
4Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: 5Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; 6And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.
15Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner of similitude on the day that the Lord spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire: 16Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female, 17The likeness of any beast that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that flieth in the air, 18The likeness of any thing that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the waters beneath the earth: 19And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the Lord thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven.
4) Veidošanas un svētināšanas simbols
Māksla — īpaši situācijās, kur kāds tiek veidots vai modelēts — var tikt lasīta caur podnieka un māla tēlainību, ko Raksti izmanto garīgajai veidošanai. Sapnis, kurā kāda figūra tiek skulptēta, var rezonēt ar biblisko tēmu, ka Dievs veido un pārvērtē dzīves, saucot ticīgos svētumam un atjaunotai identitātei.
1The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying, 2Arise, and go down to the potter’s house, and there I will cause thee to hear my words. 3Then I went down to the potter’s house, and, behold, he wrought a work on the wheels. 4And the vessel that he made of clay was marred in the hand of the potter: so he made it again another vessel, as seemed good to the potter to make it. 5Then the word of the Lord came to me, saying, 6O house of Israel, cannot I do with you as this potter? saith the Lord. Behold, as the clay is in the potter’s hand, so are ye in mine hand, O house of Israel.
Un vai podniekam nav varas no tās pašas vielas darināt vienu trauku godam, bet citu negodam?
5) Aicinājums uz kopienu un kalpošanu
Ja mākslas darbs sapnī parādās publiskā vai kopienas vidē, tas var norādīt uz dāvanām, kas dotas ķermeņa labā, ne tikai personiskai izpausmei. Raksti māca, ka garīgās dāvanas un talanti ir uzticēti savstarpējai uzlabošanai, tāpēc mākslas sapnis var iedrošināt iesaistīties baznīcas dzīvē vai kalpošanā.
Kā katrs dāvanu saņēmis, tā lai piešķir citam kā labi daždažādas Dieva žēlastības dalītāji!
Bet mums ir dāvanas, kas mums dotas attiecīgi žēlastībai, un tās ir dažādas: paraviešu dāvanas, kuras izmantojamas saskaņā ar ticību,
Pastorāla pārdomāšana un izšķiršana
Kad kristieši saņem spilgtu tēlu, piemēram, mākslas darbu sapnī, pastorālā gudrība iesaka lūgšanā apdomātu izšķiršanas procesu, nevis tūlītēju pieņēmumu. Sāciet ar Rakstiem: pārbaudiet sapņa tēmas pret biblisko mācību. Meklējiet padomu no nobriedušiem ticīgajiem un garīdzniekiem, kas var klausīties un palīdzēt novērtēt sapņa nozīmi. Lūdziet par pazemību un skaidrību, jautājot, vai sapnis aicina uz paklausību, nožēlu vai ticīgu dāvanu izmantošanu.
Īss atsevišķs piezīme: psiholoģiskie un kultūras faktori var ietekmēt sapņus, un tos apsvērt kopā ar teoloģisko pārdomu ir pieņemami — bet sekundāri. Pamatatbilde kristietim ir orientēta uz Rakstiem, kopienu un paklausību. Izvairieties būvēt doktrīnu vai dzīves lēmumus tikai uz sapņa spilgtuma; ļaujiet Rakstiem un baznīcai vadīt turpmākos soļus.
Secinājums
Mākslas sapnis var uzmācīt virkni biblisku tēmu — radošo aicinājumu, Radītāja un radījuma dinamiku, brīdinājumus par elku pielūgšanu, veidošanu Kristus līdzībā un kalpošanu kopienā. Bībele sniedz bagātīgu tēlainību, kas palīdz kristiešiem interpretēt šādus sapņus, bet tā tos nesamazina līdz vienkāršiem atbilžu kodiem. Uzticama pieeja apvieno Rakstiem pamatotu pārdomu, lūgšanā izšķiršanu un pastorālu padomu. Šajā telpā sapņi kļūst par iespējām pārorientēties uz Dieva skaistumu, pārvaldību un aicinājumu, nevis par baiļu vai noteiktas prognozes avotu.